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tmux help

Select excerpts from man, windows & panes using vi-mode and my tmux.conf file

tmux Configuration

Following commands are derived from my tmux.conf. bind-key is mapped as Ctrl+Shift+Z

Create pane
Pane switching
Resize Pane
Window switching
Copy & Paste

Create pane

Ctrl+Shift+Z v

Split Window Vertically

Ctrl+Shift+Z h

Split Window Horizontally

Pane switching

Ctrl+Shift+Z h or Alt+h or Alt+Left

Focus on pane left

Ctrl+Shift+Z j or Alt+j or Alt+Down

Focus on pane below

Ctrl+Shift+Z k or Alt+k or Alt+Up

Focus on pane above

Ctrl+Shift+Z l or Alt+l or Alt+Right

Focus on pane right

Resize Pane

Ctrl+Shift+Z J

Decrease Pane 5 lines

Ctrl+Shift+Z K

Increase Pane 5 lines

Ctrl+Shift+Z H

Decrease Pane 5 columns

Ctrl+Shift+Z L

Increase Pane 5 columns

Window switching

Shift+Right

Next Window

Shift+Left

Previous Window

Copy & Paste

Initiate block copy mode with Ctrl+Shift+Z [
Use arrow keys to move around the shell window to perform the following.

Ctr+Shift+Z v

begin selection, enter visual mode

Ctr+Shift+Z y

yank (copy) selection to buffer

After yanking the selection to the buffer and returning to the command prompt can copy from tmux buffer to system clipboard

Ctr+Shift+Z y

copy from buffer to clipboard

Shift+Insert

copy from clipboard to command line

Commands

C-b

Send the prefix key (C-b) through to the application.

C-o

Rotate the panes in the current window forwards.

C-z

Suspend the tmux client.

Break the current pane out of the window.

Split the current pane into two, top and bottom.

List all paste buffers.

Rename the current session.

Split the current pane into two, left and right.

Kill the current window.

Prompt for a window index to select.

Rename the current window.

Delete the most recently copied buffer of text.

Prompt for an index to move the current window.

0 to 9

Select windows 0 to 9.

Enter the tmux command prompt.

;

Move to the previously active pane.

Choose which buffer to paste interactively from a list.

List all key bindings.

Choose a client to detach.

[

Enter copy mode to copy text or view the history.

]

Paste the most recently copied buffer of text.

Create a new window.

Detach the current client.

Prompt to search for text in open windows.

Display some information about the current window.

Move to the previously selected window.

Change to the next window.

Select the next pane in the current window.

Change to the previous window.

Briefly display pane indexes.

Force redraw of the attached client.

Select a new session for the attached client interactively.

Switch the attached client back to the last session.

Show the time.

Choose the current window interactively.

Kill the current pane.

{

Swap the current pane with the previous pane.

}

Swap the current pane with the next pane.

Show previous messages from tmux, if any.

Page Up

Enter copy mode and scroll one page up.

Up, Down, Left, Right

Change to the pane above, below, to the left, or to the right of the current pane.

M-1 to M-5

Arrange panes in one of the five preset layouts: even-horizontal, even-vertical, main-horizontal, main-vertical, or tiled.

M-n

Move to the next window with a bell or activity marker.

M-o

Rotate the panes in the current window backwards.

M-p

Move to the previous window with a bell or activity marker.

C-Up, C-Down, C-Left, C-Right

Resize the current pane in steps of one cell.

M-Up, M-Down, M-Left, M-Right

Resize the current pane in steps of five cells.

Windows & Panes

Back to indentation

Bottom of history

Escape

Clear selection

Enter

Copy selection

Cursor down

Cursor left

Cursor right

Cursor to bottom line

Cursor to middle line

Cursor to top line

Cursor up

Delete entire line

Delete/Copy to end of line

End of line

Go to line

C-d

Half page down

C-u

Half page up

Jump forward

Jump to forward

Jump backward

Jump to backward

;

Jump again

Jump again in reverse

C-f

Next space

Next space, end of word

Next word

Next word end

Paste buffer

C-b

Previous word

Previous space

Quit mode

Rectangle toggle

C-Down or C-e

Scroll down

C-Up or C-y

Scroll up

Search again

Search again in reverse

Search backward

Search forward

Start of line

Space

Start selection

Top of history

Site Typography

26 April 2017

Uncategorized No Comments

Header 1 – 44px

Header 2 – 40px

Header 3 – 32px

Header 4 – 28px

Header 5 – 26px

Header 6 – 24px

Kid, I’ve flown from one side of this galaxy to the other. I’ve seen a lot of strange stuff, but I’ve never seen anything to make me believe there’s one all-powerful Force controlling everything. There’s no mystical energy field that controls my destiny. It’s all a lot of simple tricks and nonsense.

The more you tighten your grip, Tarkin, the more star systems will slip through your fingers. I call it luck. Ye-ha! I call it luck.

I suggest you try it again, Luke. This time, let go your conscious self and act on instinct. I want to come with you to Alderaan. There’s nothing for me here now. I want to learn the ways of the Force and be a Jedi, like my father before me.

In my experience, there is no such thing as luck.

I can’t get involved! I’ve got work to do! It’s not that I like the Empire, I hate it, but there’s nothing I can do about it right now. It’s such a long way from here. Obi-Wan is here. The Force is with him.

Red Five standing by.
I call it luck.
She must have hidden the plans in the escape pod. Send a detachment down to retrieve them, and see to it personally, Commander. There’ll be no one to stop us this time!

Hey, Luke! May the Force be with you.

What good is a reward if you ain’t around to use it? Besides, attacking that battle station ain’t my idea of courage. It’s more like…suicide. Your eyes can deceive you. Don’t trust them. The Force is strong with this one. I have you now.

I suggest you try it again, Luke. This time, let go your conscious self and act on instinct.
Partially, but it also obeys your commands.
Kid, I’ve flown from one side of this galaxy to the other. I’ve seen a lot of strange stuff, but I’ve never seen anything to make me believe there’s one all-powerful Force controlling everything. There’s no mystical energy field that controls my destiny. It’s all a lot of simple tricks and nonsense.

Dantooine. They’re on Dantooine. Oh God, my uncle. How am I ever gonna explain this? Hey, Luke! May the Force be with you. No! Alderaan is peaceful. We have no weapons. You can’t possibly… I suggest you try it again, Luke. This time, let go your conscious self and act on instinct.

What?! I’m trying not to, kid. Still, she’s got a lot of spirit. I don’t know, what do you think? Don’t act so surprised, Your Highness. You weren’t on any mercy mission this time. Several transmissions were beamed to this ship by Rebel spies. I want to know what happened to the plans they sent you.

CopyQ Help

22 April 2017

Uncategorized No Comments

CopyQ help

help generated by copyq -h

Usage: copyq [COMMAND] Actions:

Switch	Description
show	Show main window
hide	Hide main window.
toggle	Show or hide main window.
menu	Open context menu.
exit	Exit server.
disable, enable	Disable or enable clipboard content storing.
select [ROW=0]	Copy item in the row to clipboard.
next	Copy next item from current tab to clipboard.
previous	Copy previous item from current tab to clipboard.
add TEXT…	Add text into clipboard.
insert ROW TEXT	Insert text into given row.
remove [ROWS=0…]	Remove items in given rows.
tab	List available tab names.
tab NAME [COMMAND]	Run command on tab with given name. Tab is created if it doesn't exist. Default is the first tab.
removetab NAME	Remove tab.
renametab NAME NEW_NAME	Rename tab.
exporttab FILE_NAME	Export items to file.
importtab FILE_NAME	Import items from file.

Switch

Description

show

Show main window

hide

Hide main window.

toggle

Show or hide main window.

Open context menu.

exit

Exit server.

disable, enable

Disable or enable clipboard content storing.

select [ROW=0]

Copy item in the row to clipboard.

Copy next item from current tab to clipboard.

Copy previous item from current tab to clipboard.

add TEXT…

Add text into clipboard.

insert ROW TEXT

Insert text into given row.

remove [ROWS=0…]

Remove items in given rows.

tab

List available tab names.

tab NAME [COMMAND]

Run command on tab with given name. Tab is created if it doesn't exist. Default is the first tab.

removetab NAME

Remove tab.

renametab NAME NEW_NAME

Rename tab.

exporttab FILE_NAME

Export items to file.

importtab FILE_NAME

Import items from file.

Vim Cheat Sheet

18 April 2017

Vim Cheat Sheet

Ctrl+W Assignments
Leader Assignments
Keyboard Shortcuts
Cursor Movement
Insert Mode - ways to commence editing
Editing
NERDtree
Working with Multiple Files
Tabs
Marking text (visual mode)
Visual Commands
Marks
Cut and Paste
Registers
Search & Replace
Environment/Interface
Exiting

Ctrl+W Assignments

For an exhaustive list of all Ctrl+W syntax, click Vim documentation: windows

Ctrl+W +/-

increase/decrease window height; prefix with a number, e.g.: 20<C-w>+

Ctrl+W _

increase/decrease window height; prefix with a number, e.g.: 50<C-w>_

Ctrl+W >/<

increase/decrease window width; prefix with a number, e.g.: 30<C-w><

Ctrl+W |

increase/decrease window width; prefix with a number, e.g.: 30<C-w>|

Ctrl+W =

equalise width and height of all windows

Ctrl+W s

Split current window in two horizontally

Ctrl+W v

Split current window in two vertically

Ctrl+W n

Create a new window and start editing an empty file in it.

Ctrl+W Ctrl+J, Ctrl+W down

Move cursor to Nth window below current one.

Ctrl+W Ctrl+k, Ctrl+W up

Move cursor to Nth window above current one.

Ctrl+W Ctrl+H, Ctrl+W lft, Ctrl+W backsp

Move cursor to Nth window left of current one.

Ctrl+W Ctrl+l, Ctrl+W right

Move cursor to Nth window right of current one.

Ctrl+W Shift-T

Move buffer to a tab

Leader Assignments

, F5

NerdTree file manager using directory of current file

, cd

Set working directory to path of current file

, d

Duplicate current line

, ev

Open .vimrc in a new tab for editing

, fn

Echo currently edited file's name to system clipboard

, ln
, tn

Toggle appearance of line numbers between absolute consecutive order and relative to current line

, n

Turn off find highlighting — :nohl

, sv

source .vimrc (reload settings)

, v

execute paste from system clipboard

, y

paste from system clipboard

, + (non-keypad)

vertical resize +5 columns

, - (non-keypad)

vertical resize -5 columns

Cursor Movement

move left

move down

move up

move right

move to middle of screen

move to bottom of screen

jump forwards to the start of a word

jump forwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)

jump forwards to the end of a word

jump forwards to the end of a word (words can contain punctuation)

jump backwards to the start of a word

jump backwards to the start of a word (words can contain punctuation)

jump to the start of the line

jump to the first non-blank character of the line

jump to the end of the line

jump to the last non-blank character of the line

go to the first line of the document

go to the last line of the document

go to line 5

jump to next occurrence of character x

jump to before next occurrence of character x

}

jump to next paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)

{

jump to previous paragraph (or function/block, when editing code)

center cursor on screen

Ctrl+b

move back one full screen

Ctrl+f

move forward one full screen

Ctrl+d

move forward ½ a screen

Ctrl+u

move back ½ a screen

Prefix a cursor movement command with a number to repeat it. For example, 4j moves down 4 lines.

Insert Mode - ways to commence editing

insert before the cursor

insert at the beginning of the line

insert (append) after the cursor

insert (append) at the end of the line

append (open) a new line below the current line

append (open) a new line above the current line

insert (append) at the end of the word

Esc

exit insert mode

NERDtree

Files

open in previous window

go:

preview

open in new tab

open in new tab silently

open split

gi:

preview split

open vsplit

gs:

preview vsplit

Directories

open & close

recursively open

close parent

close all children recursively

explore selected directory

Bookmarks

open bookmark

open in new tab

open in new tab silently

delete bookmark

Filesystem

change tree root to selected dir

move tree root up a directory

move tree root up a directory but leave old root open

refresh cursor directory

refresh current root

show menu

cd:

change the CWD to the selected dir

change tree root to CWD

Command

Explain

Tree navigation

go to parent

go to root

go to first child

go to last child

Ctrl+k:

go to previous sibling

Ctrl+j:

go to next sibling

Tree filtring

hidden files (off)

file filters (on)

files (on)

bookmarks (off)

Other Commands

Close the NERDtree window

toggle zoom NERDtree window

toggle help

Editing

replace a single character

join line below to the current one

cc or S

change (replace) entire line

change (replace) to the end of the word

change (replace) to the end of the line

delete character and substitute text

transpose two letters (delete and paste)

undo

Ctrl+R

redo

. (period)

repeat last command

Working with Multiple Files

:e file

edit a file in a new buffer

:bnext or :bn

go to the next buffer

:bprev or :bp

go to the previous buffer

:bd

delete a buffer (close a file)

:ls

list all open buffers

:sp file

open a file in a new buffer and split window

:vsp file

open a file in a new buffer and vertically split window

Ctrl + ws

split window

Ctrl + ww

switch windows

Ctrl + wq

quit a window

Ctrl + wv

split window vertically

Ctrl + wh

move cursor to the left window (vertical split)

Ctrl + wl

move cursor to the right window (vertical split)

Ctrl + wj

move cursor to the window below (horizontal split)

Ctrl + wk

move cursor to the window above (horizontal split)

Marking text (visual mode)

start visual mode, mark lines, then do a command (like y-yank)

start linewise visual mode

move to other end of marked area

Ctrl + v

start visual block mode

move to other corner of block

mark a word

a block with ()

a block with {}

inner block with ()

inner block with {}

Esc

exit visual mode

Visual Commands

shift text right

shift text left

yank (copy) marked text

delete marked text

~ (tilde)

switch case

Cut and Paste

yank (copy) a line

2yy

yank (copy) 2 lines

yank (copy) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word

yank (copy) to end of line

put (paste) the clipboard after cursor

put (paste) before cursor

delete (cut) a line

2dd

delete (cut) 2 lines

delete (cut) the characters of the word from the cursor position to the start of the next word

delete (cut) to the end of the line

delete (cut) character

Marks

:marks

list if marks

set current position for mark A

jump to position of mark A

y`a

yank text to position of mark A

Registers

:reg

show registers content

"xy

yank into register x

"xp

paste contents of register x

Registers are stored in ~/.viminfo, and will be loaded again on next restart of vim.
Register 0 contains always the value of the last yank command.

Search & Replace

/pattern

search for pattern

?pattern

search backward for pattern

\vpattern

'very magic' pattern: non-alphanumeric characters are interpreted as special regex symbols (no escaping needed)

repeat search in same direction

repeat search in opposite direction

:%s/old/new/g

replace all old with new throughout file

:%s/old/new/gc

replace all old with new throughout file with confirmations

:noh

remove highlighting of search matches

Search in multiple files

:vimgrep /pattern/ {file}

search for pattern in multiple files
e.g: :vimgrep /foo/ **/*

:cn

jump to the next match

:cp

jump to the previous match

:copen

open a window containing the list of matches

Environment Interface

Tabs

:tabnew or
:tabnew file

open a file in a new tab

Ctrl+wT

move the current split window into its own tab

gt
:tabn
:tabnext

move to the next tab

gT
:tabprev
:tabp

move to the previous tab

#gt

move to the tab number #

:tabmove #

move current tab to the #th position (indexed from 0)

:tabc or
:tabclose

close the current tab and all its windows

:tabo or
:tabonly

close all tabs except for the current one

:tabdo

run the command on all tabs (e.g. :tabdo q - closes all opened tabs)

Exiting

write [save] file but don't exit

:wq

write [save]

quit [fails if file has changed]

:q!

quit and throw away changes

wmctrl

16 April 2017

wmctrl help

help generated by wmctrl -h
Actions:

switch	description
-m	Show information about the window manager and about the environment.
-l	List windows managed by the window manager.
-a <WIN>	Activate the window by switching to its desktop and raising it.
-c <WIN>	Close the window gracefully.
-R <WIN>	Move the window to the current desktop and activate it.
-r <WIN> -t <DESK>	Move the window to the specified desktop.
-r <WIN> -e <MVARG>	Resize and move the window around the desktop. The format of the <MVARG> argument is described below.
-r <WIN> -b <STARG>	Change the state of the window. Using this option it's possible for example to make the window maximized, minimized or fullscreen. The format of the <STARG> argument and list of possible states is given below. ( add \| remove \| toggle),prop1 [,prop2 ] Add, remove, or toggle up to two window properties simultaneously modal sticky maximized_vert maximized_horz shaded skip_taskbar skip_pager hidden fullscreen above below Following example will toggle window with title 'Notes - Zim' above other windows. wmctrl -b toggle,shaded -r 'Notes - Zim'
-r <WIN> -N <STR>	Set the name (long title) of the window.
-r <WIN> -I <STR>	Set the icon name (short title) of the window.
-r <WIN> -T <STR>	Set both the name and the icon name of the window.

switch

description

-m

Show information about the window manager and about the environment.

-l

List windows managed by the window manager.

-a <WIN>

Activate the window by switching to its desktop and raising it.

-c <WIN>

Close the window gracefully.

-R <WIN>

Move the window to the current desktop and activate it.

-r <WIN> -t <DESK>

Move the window to the specified desktop.

-r <WIN> -e <MVARG>

Resize and move the window around the desktop. The format of the <MVARG> argument is described below.

-r <WIN> -b <STARG>

Change the state of the window. Using this option it's possible for example to make the window maximized, minimized or fullscreen. The format of the <STARG> argument and list of possible states is given below.
( add | remove | toggle),prop1 [,prop2 ]

Add, remove, or toggle up to two window properties simultaneously

modal
sticky
maximized_vert
maximized_horz
shaded
skip_taskbar
skip_pager
hidden
fullscreen
above
below

Following example will toggle window with title 'Notes - Zim' above other windows.
wmctrl -b toggle,shaded -r 'Notes - Zim'

-r <WIN> -N <STR>

Set the name (long title) of the window.

-r <WIN> -I <STR>

Set the icon name (short title) of the window.

-r <WIN> -T <STR>

Set both the name and the icon name of the window.

Options:

switch	description
-i	Interpret <WIN> as a numerical window ID. wmctrl -ir 0x06600031 -T "D78" The hexadecimal string '0x06600031' is the intifier found using option -l above.
-G	Include geometry in the window list.
-F	Modifies the behavior of the window title matching algorithm. It will match only the full window title instead of a substring, when this option is used. Furthermore it makes the matching case sensitive.
-v	Be verbose. Useful for debugging.

switch

description

-i

Interpret <WIN> as a numerical window ID.
wmctrl -ir 0x06600031 -T "D78"
The hexadecimal string '0x06600031' is the intifier found using option -l above.

-G

Include geometry in the window list.

-F

Modifies the behavior of the window title matching algorithm. It will match only the full window title instead of a substring, when this option is used. Furthermore it makes the matching case sensitive.

-v

Be verbose. Useful for debugging.

Cheat sheets Index

16 April 2017

Index of Projects migrated from ZimWiki

CopyQ
Regular Expressions
Vim/gVim
wmctrl
youtube-dl

Upgrading Ubuntu

18 November 2012

Linux No Comments

I learned a hard lesson recently: Don’t use a KVM switch when trying to upgrade Ubuntu through the Update Manager. It caused the system to crash on me with two attempts to upgrade using that method. I decided to install Ubuntu 12.04 Precise Pangolin from scratch.

Continue reading →

How to outline text in GIMP or Photoshop

3 June 2012